{"id":2549,"date":"2023-06-27T05:25:57","date_gmt":"2023-06-27T05:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/?post_type=activity&p=2549"},"modified":"2023-06-27T05:25:57","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T05:25:57","slug":"natural-vs-conventional-ac-ghg-emissions","status":"publish","type":"activity","link":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/activity\/natural-vs-conventional-ac-ghg-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Natural vs Conventional AC: GHG Emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
\n
Objective:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Comparing GHG Emissions of AC using conventional vs natural refrigerant\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outcome:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Students will learn the detrimental effect of conventional ACs through emissions calculations and also will learn about the alternative natural refrigerant that can be used in ACs which has much less emissions.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Requirements:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Laptop, calculator<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prerequisites:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Fundamental knowledge about the carbon footprinting methods and different scope of emissions, and of different refrigerants and their global warming potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedure:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Decide and assume on a few constant parameters such as building type and volume of the space, amount of tonnage for the building, energy cost and penalty, capital cost and refrigerant type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data assumed:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Library Building: 130×82 feet, 10 feet 6 inch height per floor, 5 floors<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tonnage required: 84 TR direct expansion chiller system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy Efficient Ratio (EER) of the system: 2.93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usage: 3000 hours\/year use<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy cost: 13.25 INR\/Kwh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Energy penalty: 300 INR\/Kva\/month<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Conventional AC Case: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Refrigerant: R22 (which is used in conventional ACs)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Global Warming Potential: 1810<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Calculations:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Step1:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Derive power consumption for the required tonnage – Tonnage to Kw<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      1 TR = 3.517 Kw <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      84 TR = 295.4 Kw cooling output<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • EER = 2.93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        EER = Cooling output\/Input electrical energy (W)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Input electrical energy = 295.4 \/ 2.93 = 100.8 KW input<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Step 2:<\/strong> Determine annual energy consumption for calculated electrical input <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        100.8 Kw x 3000 hours\/year = 302457 KwH\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Step 3: <\/strong>Calculate annual GHG emissions for energy consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Scope 2 emission i.e. Indirect electricity emissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          0.96 kg CO2 emissions\/KwH (Avg. India Grid electricity emission factor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          0.96 x 302457 = 290.4 MT CO2\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Scope 3 emissions (AT&C loss emissions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            0.29 kg CO2 emissions\/KwH (Avg. India Grid AT&C losses emission factor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            0.29 x 302457 = 87.7 MT CO2\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Step 4:<\/strong> Determine Non-energy emissions for Refrigerant use life-cycle (Scope 1 emissions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING, Volume 3: Industrial Processes and Product Use, Chapter 7: Emissions of  Fluorinated Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas  Inventories<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Etotal,t = Econtainers,t + ECharge,t + Elifetime,t + Eendoflife,t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Where,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Econtainers,t = emissions from all refrigerant containers in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            ECharge,t =emission during system manufacture\/assembly in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Elifetime,t = emission during system operations in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Eendoflife,t = emission at system disposal in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Refrigerant Life cycle emission factors (considering all the above mentioned emissions stages) for developing countries = 149.76 kg Co2e\/Kw cooling\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Hence Scope 1 emissions (Refrigerant leakage) = 149.76 kg\/Co2e\/Kw cooling\/year x cooling output (electrical) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            I.e. 149.76×295.4 = 44.2 MT Co2e\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Scope 1 emissions (Refrigerant leakage) = 44.2 MT Co2e\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Step 5: <\/strong>Determine Annual operating (Energy) cost: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Energy use cost = 302487 (Annual energy consumption) x 13.25 (Energy cost)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Energy use cost = 40.08 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Energy penalty cost = Energy penalty x Apparent power x 12 (months\/year)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Where, Energy penalty – 300 INR\/KvA\/Month<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Apparent power – Electrical input\/Power factor = 100.8\/0.9 = 112 KvA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Therefore, 300 x 112 x 12 = 4.03 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Energy penalty cost = 4.03 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Total Energy cost (Operating cost) = 40.08 + 4.03 = 44.11 Lakh INR\/year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Natural AC<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    Refrigerant: R290 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Global Warming Potential: 3.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Calculations:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                    Step1:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • Derive power consumption for the required tonnage – Tonnage to Kw<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      1 TR = 3.517 Kw <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      84 TR = 295.4 Kw cooling output<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • EER = 2.93 = 53 TR compressor output x 3.517 KW\/ X KW input<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Therefore X = 186.4 KW compressor output\/ 2.93 = 63.6 KW input (electrical)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Effective EER = Cooling output\/Input electrical energy (W) = 295.4\/63.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Effective EER = 4.64 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Step 2:<\/strong> Determine annual energy consumption for calculated electrical input <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        63.6 Kw x 3000 hours\/year = 190800 KwH\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Step 3: <\/strong>Calculate annual GHG emissions for energy consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        • Scope 2 emission i.e. Indirect electricity emissions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          0.96 kg CO2 emissions\/KwH (Avg. India Grid electricity emission factor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          0.96 x 190800 = 183.2 MT CO2\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • Scope 3 emissions (AT&C loss emissions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            0.29 kg CO2 emissions\/KwH (Avg. India Grid AT&C losses emission factor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            0.29 x 190800 = 55.3 MT CO2\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Step 4:<\/strong> Determine Non-energy emissions for Refrigerant use life-cycle (Scope 1 emissions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING, Volume 3: Industrial Processes and Product Use, Chapter 7: Emissions of  Fluorinated Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas  Inventories<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Etotal,t = Econtainers,t + ECharge,t + Elifetime,t + Eendoflife,t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Where,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Econtainers,t = emissions from all refrigerant containers in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            ECharge,t =emission during system manufacture\/assembly in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Elifetime,t = emission during system operations in year in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Eendoflife,t = emission at system disposal in kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Refrigerant Life cycle emission factors (considering all the above mentioned emissions stages) for developing countries = 0.08 kg Co2e\/Kw cooling\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Hence Scope 1 emissions (Refrigerant leakage) = 149.76 kg\/Co2e\/Kw cooling\/year x cooling output (electrical) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            I.e. 0.08 x 186.4 = 0.015 MT Co2e\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Scope 1 emissions (Refrigerant leakage) = 0.015 MT Co2e\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Step 5: <\/strong>Determine Annual operating (Energy) cost: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • Energy use cost = 190800 (Annual energy consumption) x 13.25 (Energy cost)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              Energy use cost = 25.28 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              • Energy penalty cost = Energy penalty x Apparent power x 12 (months\/year)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                Where, Energy penalty – 300 INR\/KvA\/Month<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Apparent power – Electrical input\/Power factor = 63.6\/0.9 = 70.7 KvA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Therefore, 300 x 70.7 x 12 = 4.03 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                Energy penalty cost = 2.54 Lakh INR\/year<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                • Total Energy cost (Operating cost) = 25.28 + 2.54 = 27.82 Lakh INR\/year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  Analogy: Comparison of Conventional vs Natural Refrigerant use AC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Parameter<\/strong><\/td>Conventional (R22) Values<\/strong><\/td>Natural (R290) values<\/strong><\/td>Units<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                                  Scope 1 Emissions<\/strong><\/td>44.2<\/td>0.015<\/td>MT Co2e\/year<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Scope 2 Emissions<\/strong><\/td>290.4<\/td>183.2<\/td>MT Co2e\/year<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Scope 3 Emissions<\/strong><\/td>87.7<\/td>55.3<\/td>MT Co2e\/year<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Total GHG Emissions<\/strong><\/td>422.3<\/td>238.65<\/td>MT Co2e\/year<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Capital Cost<\/strong><\/td>16.20<\/td>54<\/td>INR Lakh\/year<\/td><\/tr>
                                  Annual operating cost<\/strong><\/td>44.11<\/td>27.82<\/td>INR Lakh\/year<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                  References:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                                  None<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Objective: Comparing GHG Emissions of AC using conventional vs natural refrigerant\u00a0 Outcome: \u00a0Students will learn the detrimental effect of conventional ACs through emissions calculations and also will learn about the alternative natural refrigerant that can be used in ACs which has much less emissions.\u00a0 Requirements: Laptop, calculator Prerequisites: \u00a0Fundamental knowledge about the carbon footprinting methods […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"activity_subject":[125,148],"academic_year":[69,70],"complexity":[60],"content_tags":[387,442,518],"activity_type":[371],"activity_duration":[175],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity\/2549"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/activity"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2549"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity\/2549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2551,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity\/2549\/revisions\/2551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"activity_subject","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity_subject?post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"academic_year","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/academic_year?post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"complexity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/complexity?post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"content_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content_tags?post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"activity_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity_type?post=2549"},{"taxonomy":"activity_duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fairconditioning.org\/fc-activity\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/activity_duration?post=2549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}